Electromechanical device.



i i'iini'rnn emissies saisons ossi GEORGE H. R-OWE, OF RIVERSDE, ILLINOISJGSGNOR OF ONEHALF TO WILLlAM H."

JOHNSON, OF.- GLENCOE, ILLINOIS.

ELECTROMEUHANICAL DEVICE.

Specification of Letters Patent.

Patented .my es, ieee.

Application filed october-.1.45. 1906. 4Serial No. 339,123.

To all' whom 'it may concern."

Be it known that l, GEORGE H. Rows, a

citizen of the United States, residing at vices, of which the followinfbT is a speciiica# tion.y v

This invention relates to improvements in electromechanical devices, the generic object being theprovision of means for cushioning)r a blow resulting lromthe movement of a inechanically reciprocated member. In the practice of my invention this object is accomplished electro-magnetically by utilizing the attraction of an electro-iiiagnet vfor its armature, and by means hereinafter eX- plained, this electro-magnetic fiction may be automatically graduated in pro ortion to the v weicht of the blow Which is to )e cushioned.

Preiierably the electro-magnet end armature will be given thelorm oi a coil and core,

Y so' being taxen on tho line 3, 3 of though tlfie invention, broadly regarded, contemplates the use of any form of electromagnet'and armature -thct is adaptableto this purpose.

My invention is adapted to be embodied in various forms and a plied to a variety oi' rises, one of which is il nstrated in the accom panying drawings, in which .Figure is a iront elevational view of anelec-tro-nieclianical hammer enibiidying my invention. Fig. l is an enlarged cross-sectional view ofthe same the section bein"` taken on the line 2, 2 of Fig. l. Fig. 3 is a longitudinal sectional view of c solenoid and core einidoyed in this machine, the section 2 looking iii the direction indicated by the arrows.

Fig. 4 si further enlargedfdetail in elevation ol an end oi' the core. Figo is a perspective "view ojl a ring forming a sliort-circnited oondoctor and used upon the core to increase the oiu the same on the line .9, 9 of Fig. 9.

magnetic action and the resultant tractive i eil'ect of the' moving-solenoid, upon the core.

Fig.- G is "a detail of the upper portion oi the mach-inw. principally in section, showing means for reciprocating thesolenoid. .Fig` 7 is aiielevational edge view o i eicranlr-disli 'used in this machine. y 'tional view of a modified torni oi solenoid.

Fig. is aneleva- Figi) is an enlarged centra-.l longitudinal section of the saine. Fig. Ulis a cross section Fig. ll

disk 6, and aipitnian or connecting-rod the frame of the machine.`

2 is a solenoid arranged upon the traine of the machine so as to have a reciprocating movement and to be guided in such nieve-- nient. Extending vertically n. on opposite sides of the solenoid vare Wing-Tigre flanges 3. Each of these flanges 3 is coniined between the frame of the machine and the overhangN ing lip fl of a guidaplate 5, these gnidegilates being bolted or .otherwise secured to the frame of the machine. Reciprocating (and in this type of machine, vertical) movement is imparted to the solenoid oy ineens which may conveniently consist oil: a revolving crank- J connecting the disk o with the of the solenoid 2. The disk o is mounted Upon one cnd'of a shaft 8 revolving in asnitabie hearing at the upper portieri of the 'n'iocliine Upon the op osito end of this shaft is secured e driving pulley Q for e belt and a loose ley l0, onto which the belt may be shifted when the machine is not running. The dish 6 is formed with a 'tshaped groove li in which is arranged a slidable block lf2. A bolt 13 is adapted to be inserted tl'nough en opening in the end of the conne@ting-rod 7 and through a sleeve lll into a s-ci'oivthrcsided opening in the'blocli l2. Ey the tighteiiini ot this bolt the sleeve i4 is secured to the disk 6 at any desired point in the ieiigtli o' the slot 1l. Bv looseninff this bolt nifl ndjusting the 'block i2 Iand seeve le, :along the slot 11, to the desired posit-i n, and the tightening said bolt, any, desired einonnt of longitudii'i'al movement or throw may be iin parted to the solenoid during the rotation of 'the disk A i s Within the solenoid 2 is arranged core l5 having a stem i6 extending doWnn/'ardly and puls' to the lower end oiz which seoi'ii'o'l s. `lianinier i7. During the running oi 'the nznchine the solenoid is constantly reciprocated, the core beiner dragged along and caused to rcoiprocate with said solenoid by reason ci" the tendency' of this forni oi" core to assume and maintain a central position relative to the z resultsm a spring-lil e action which re-tu 'the -core to its normal 55? bloW` struc by thehar'runer met' ved because o the substitution el mg manet'ic connection between quired durin? their downward .ing blow willfmsuch structure, be

ythe elliciency olE the 'clouY and tage of preventing inju um To the arm 2() of therheos tracxlixe eiect of the solenoid upon solenoid Whenever an electric through the solenoid. l/llien the is to receive the blow is placed upon 18,' the blows will, be cushioned tween the hammer or cere and .and thus all injurious shocks t` ally-operated )arts of the mac-l mer an Vthe positively-operating 'o mechanism in place of the positif. tions Whichare used in purely hammers. L

The tendency of the-core, iin structure non7 being eserilicrL-.se re central position With'relatios. the

solenoid, Wil tend te carry the han ncore further than the distance tre w solenoid, thereby producing slim' In proportion as this momentum is the magnetiocpull of the selezioni, if

and since thestrength of the ni C varies with t cl1anges'in'-the current ing throuofh the solenoid, the f1 blow can be varied es 'stated 'ik .r current. On the other hand, if the so constructed that the travel the the same as; or less thv n, that ol 'l i then an increase in the magnet increase in the ;ci`1rrent will the current will tend to de the blow. he advantage to vary-the force of -thc blow the running o.tl1.e `niachirie and the i mechanism are apparent.

The means by W uch vary th "i solenoidrs as follows: Secured 1 of the machine is a rheostat or oneend of a rod 2l, the low end o secured to a lever 22, this lever ieri treadle ada ted to be pressed dormiva the foot of t e operator.

over the contact points 23 oi the rhr and the current passing nite the coil or rheostat 1s gradually increased "When the lever l 1s moved downward the lever 2G 1s mov foie the smenoid has i this arrangebe struck by the same ,ulg the current that' a ed bete/een' the core the other hand, Where the momentum of the core is utilized 'to inthe weight of the blow, a lighter curreit 'will give the .greater eficiency because .th such an arr ngement the less' magnetic nere en inc c( tue less interference e with tlv momentum. oi' the core and. versa. M3* machine, of' segna ,Je so built, desired, as to pere regulation ot the i d and stroke, as erm. the regulation 'of the force )low struc by increasing or d eereasing Length of the curifcrt employed in the solenoid. i.'r its return and to dish .f3 and connecting-rod 7 o f `t 'ed upon them in upsolemneL :liter the blow has l een may he employed, ii" deits lo er end secured to the n the solenoid 3 and its upper end otro-maW iet used may be uro g; m M e may consist n, and eh a coro,

xe drewiw in this r are prm'idcd, I' Q L" the more, and in these slots are 'placed short-circuited or annular coinlu ecol or n" V-ol these r each end el" the or known laws of physics, f

being employed at l'-rccording to well 'ents :1ro induced mused to travel around a core when it s mov rength of l to the :en the core these copper t. e 'objective is aI-,

ing Lem the spi .t of,

ilt cooper ,rings 30, twoof incre sed 'si to a boss #la upon the frame of the Yeo t Rotating currents .are similarly' induced in "the tube 24 and add their etlect to that ot the currents induced in the rings.

y Suppose nowthe solenoid be given a down- "iv'ard throw: Tl1e.tendency of the core, by 'reason yof its inertia and that of the hammer,

- is 'to lag behind thesolenoid as, the .latter "moves downward so that there is a movement"v of one ofthefse parts relatively to the 1o other. This movement creates induced currents in the rings 3Q, lthese currents flowing r4'in theproper direction to produce poles at .theends of the vcore of opposite polarity to lthat of Ithe adjacent pole-pieces 26, the attractive force-,between the pole-pieces 26 and the core 15 being thus very materially increased. The descending solenoid accordingly draws with it the core and the hammer arri'ed thereby and a blow is struck by the hammer upon the, work which' is laid. upon the 'anvil l18. -The hammer is then suddenly arrested in its downward movement, while thel solenoid continues to move downwardly ai shortdista'nce. The quick downward imovement o1- the solenoid relative to the i "core causes a sudden and great lincrease in .the induced currents liowing in the ringsSO, o1",'when such ringsv are not employed, in the iiron which these rings are designed to diso'place, with acorrespondingly increased pull upon thecore, anda heavy blow upon the ywork is the result, or else the parts are so-ad- `ju'sted that the solenoid reaches the end of vits stroke before the hammer strikes, whereupon the acquired momentum oi the hammer carriesitsharply against the article to bestruck.` In such case, 'the blow isgini creased by lessening the current. Upon the upward movement-olv the solenoid the direction of movement of the solenoid relative to ythe core is suddenly reversed, this reversalresulting in powerful induced currents being .setup which cause the core to be instantly picked up and carried upward with the solenoid. f' In Figs. 8. 9. 10.4 1l. and 12 .is shown an other form of' clectro-magnet and core adapted for this purpose, and in detail some o'l the parts that are used. in making up they same. In this form of 4electro-magnet I employ an outercasing consisting, Jfor example,uof an :iron or steel tube 3l closed at its ends by the rings 32 an'd 33. Arranged within the tube 31 1s a series of pole-pieces 84 separated by coils 35, the direction of winding of which is V such that the pole-pieces 35 are of alter- L nately north and south polarity. The core 1'is so constructed'as to provide a series cl' poles 36, having a ring-like form and alternating with short-circuited copper conductors in theform. of rings 37. These polef lpieces'andrings are fitted onto a shaft or ,stemSQ and are secured together and to the shaft or 'stem by compression nuts i0 and 41; The pole-piecesareso pro ortioned and distributed through the lengt of the core and the length of the solenoid, that the pole- .rents induced in the copper rings 37 magnetize the pole-pieces of the core and causey the latter to be attracted by the pole-pieces of the solenoids.

Because the inertia of the core at the beginning of each upward and downward movel nient of the solenoid carrier will cause the core to drag behind the solenoid carrier, the

lines ol torce will be out at right angles at the beginning of each movement, causing resulting induced currents which in accordance with wel known laws will vary in intensity in roportionto the rapidity with which the ines of force rare so cut, and the resulting magneticfpull will be accordingly varied automat-realty, so as toI overcome the inertia of the core' and also increase the torce of the blow, while at all times maintaining the core in proper operative position within the solenoids.

- The above described embodiment of my invention is equally useful for drills or other percussion implements, while obviously my invention can lie-adapted for use as a dash pot, or a door cushion, where either the core4 or the solenoid is held against longitudinal movement.

The invention may be said to consist broadly in combining with a reciprocable device or tool, means for imparting reciprocating motion thereto through mechanical 1neans,. and amagneiic device. to vary or qualify the movements ol the tool resulting from the mechanical application ol' force. By describing the, reciprocation ol' the tool as being erll'ected` by mechanical means, l refer n'ierely to the immediate application ol' the iorcc to the tool. The ultimate source might be derived from any sort olf driving device or natural l'oree. lhis force may be applied directly lo the tool or tool-earrying member, or it may be. applied indirectly thereto, l have shown and described a dc- Vicc in which the mechanical force is applied ind ircctly through the magnetic relationship between such `member and the electro-magnet to which they force actually applied. It will be clear that other arrangements might be devised which would accon-iplish the same results in the same general manner and by -the 'ap lication in a diil'erent embodiment of the road l'caturcs ol my invention.

to the tool-carrying member' 'The invention involves the oise of tivo members having the relation of magnet and armature. Gne ci" these members carries the tool or other device to be reciproeated.

ln the `iorm of apparatus here sliotvn, tool is carried by tlie armature and, since the mechanical force is a plied to the magnet, it is clear that both ov these members must be capable of reciprocation together. Such need not be the case it a different arrangement ci the parts were utilized in carrying out the invention as, tor example, ir the rne-A clianical force were applied directly to the` armature or the tool carried by the magnet. Any form oi magnet, electrofmagnet or permanent magnet, might bevused.

ln view of the above, it will be clear that l do not Wish to be limited to the exact devices and arrangements herein shown and described, as above suggested or other obvious modiiications will occur to persons skilled in the art.

l claim: v

l. The combination Witii a reciprocating device, ol' e. driving d vice for the same, and cushioning means arranged to operate upon the reciprocating device in opposition to the momentum produced by the drivingdevipe, said cushioning means comprising en electricY ally energized coil and a core for said coil, one of the same connected With'the reciprocating device.

2. The combination with a reciprocating device, of an electrically energized coil, e. core for said coil, one/oi the same being connected with the reciprocating device, and a drii device operating to drive said reciproc device against the attractive exis between the coil and the core.

5:3. The combination with an electro-.mag not, oi means for reciprocatin i the same, :in armature arranged to reciprocate Within the iicld of said magnet, and percussion means carried by said armature, lall. so arranged that While the attraction of the magnet tor said armature will cause the arnmture to travel with the magnet, the momentum th s acquired by the armature will cause it to trey v.el farther than the distance covered v the stroke of the magnet, but Withmit losing magnetic, connection with` the magnet,

4. The combination `With a reciprocating member adapted to impart a blow to a stationary object, of means for cushioning said blow, said means comprising an electro-inagnot and an armature therefor ndaptedio assumes given position relative to each other and to be moved from said position ov the torce of impact.

The combination with a reciprocating device, oi n driving device for the saine, :ind cushioning means arranged to operate upon the reciprocating' device in opposition to the momentum produced by the driving' device said cushioning means comprising an loc tricdevice carried thereby will give the armature a relative movement with relation to the solenoid.

7. -The combination With a mechanicallycarried by an armature for saidsoleno'id in the form oi' a core adapted to be reciprocated within seid solenoid, all so arran ed that Ithe momentum of the armature an percussion device carried thereby will give the armature s relative movement with relation to the solenoid, and means for varying the current magnetic eilect of thesolenoid on the arma turc will be varied.Y

net,'oi`v an armature adapted to reciprocate therein 'and carrying an impact device and means other than said electro-magnet for imparting reciprocating movement to said device, all so constructed and arranged that While the armature may be reciprocated Within the electro-magnet, the magnetic action of the electro-magnet will tend to return the armature to its initial position.

9. The combination with an electrically energized coil, oi a core adapted to be reciprocated with said coil, and mechanically operating` means connected With said coil and arranged to reciprocate the same.

The combination With a percussion tool, oi tool-carrying means with which the tool connected, a driving device to drive the tool-carrying means alternately in oppo- Isite directions, and'cushioning-means in op-4 position to which the tool-carrying means is moved, said cushioning means comprising an electro-magnet and its armature.

il. The con'ibination with a mechanicallyreciprocated percussion device, of means for cushioning the shock of impact,said means comprising an armature and solenoid tending to assume a given position relative ,to each other and adapted to be moved out of said position against said tendency by the force of the blow delivered.

The combination of an electro-magnet, au armature, said members movable together, a driving device connected with one of members adapted to 'dr1ve the same nltermiteiy in opposite directions, and an impact device carried by the other of said mem ners.

. Si. The combination of an electro-magnet, en armature for said electro-magnet, said lmagnet and rinature movable together, a

momentum of the armature an percussion pplicd to the solenoid, whereby the electro- 8. The combination With an electroemag-A rcoiproc'ated solenoid, of a percussion device v drivii'ig device connected with the armature adopted to drive the seine elternatelv in op- 'to be in. the field. of said electro-magnet, Iind e percussion tool carried by seid armature.

15. lhe combination 'of 'n mechanicallyreciproceted electro-magnet, an arma-ture arranged to reciprocete with the magnet and to he in the i'ield oi said eiectro-i.1egnet, e tool cerricd by seid armature, and ineens for varying the strength of the electro magnet during the rcciprocation thereoiC so as to very the movements of thek magnet and armature yreletiv'e to'eeoh other.

fio

i6. The combination of e, mechanically reciproeeted electronmgnct, e core for' the seme of magnetic materiel, e tool carried by seid core, and e plurality of short-circuited ,conductors around. the core having' greater and tendine to maintain a` fiven )osition reistivc to said electrmsgnet, 'percussion means carried by said armature, `rnd means for varying the pull of' the eier-.tro-megnet upon the srrnritnre.

'18, The combination with en electro-megnet and its armature, oi" ineens for reciprocating one of said members the other being `tree `to reciprocate therewith, percussirm ineens cerried by the other olisnid members, endzneztns for varying the pnll exerted by one. of said memhers n pon the (wher during the ruimingi oi the nnichinc,

i9. ri'hc conihimition with :in electro-ningnct and 'its armature, of ineens for reciprocating one of seid members the other living vfree to reciprocate therewith, percussion ineens carried liv the other oli-seid members, inc-ans for 'crying the pull exerted h v one of said ino-n1 hors npon theI other during;` the running of thc machine7 end ineens for adjust ably varying; the length ot 'the stroke' ot' the mechanicallyreciprocntingr part.

2U. rlhe coininnttion with. iy solenoid :ind core seid sc-s'enoid end core i'rco to move toi get/her, oi" percussion lineens cnrricd hy onel of till seid meint` s, moons for recipromting the other o? said members, and ineeiis lor vitrying the current in the solenoid.

` 2) The combination with n solenoid and core, of n percussion device. coniiectedwith one of seid inc1nbers,nrxd dving mee-ns oon-- nected with the other oi? sind. members adept ed to drive seid lnstanimed mem ner ltermittel)T in opposite directions,l the member carrying' the percussion device being connected with the driving means only thi-ou l1 the attractive force existing hetween t e solenoid :ind the core.

22. The combination with two members,

adapted to have reciprocating movement relative to erich other, ot means for impert-v ing movement to one of' said members, means for varying the amplitude of vibration of one of said parts past the other, seid means comprising en electro-inegnet carried, by one of seid members and am armature therefor, carried by' the other of said membe1s,end means for varying the strength of the electromegnet.

net end armature free to move together, of ineens for reciprocating1r one otsaid parts, en

' im peet tool carried hy the other-of seid parts,

and short-c1rcnitcdconductors on said ermeture adapted. to have currents induced therein by the movements of the electro-magnet and armature relative to ench other, said currents increasing' the trsctivc et'ect ot'` the reciproca-ted part upon thc tooi-cerrying part,

24. The combination with. n solenoid` and core free to move together, of' means for reciprocating one of said 4ports, impact mea-ns carried hy the other of said parts, and shortcireuited rings in sind core adopted, h v the `movements of the core witliin the solenoid,

to creato indnced currents which increase the attraction between the core :ind thc solenoid.

The combina-tion Aot e solenoid, :i core of nmgnetic 'material reciprocating in seid solenoid7 and rings surrounding seid core,

vseid rings being' composed of nntteriel oiE greater electrical coinluctivdtfr then the nmlerinl ot the core and heviiw' currents in-- duced within themselves hv tln` changes olf position olt the core und solenoid relative tn nach otherY wl'ierchv the pull exci'te l"l v one oll seid parts upon lthe ot her is increased.

Lti. The condiinetion with n. shell ol' Insgnetic motorini adopted. to provid(l polepicces at its-end, ol e. solenoid arranged to n'nignetize seid polo-pieces, n tool-carrying erniztturc arranged within. the magnetic. field oi seid polo-pieces end adopted to he reciprocetcd within seid shell and post sind. polepicces alternatively, find ineens 'for reciprocating seid shell. v

The cmnhinntion .with n shell ot xnsg- -nctic motorini adopted to provide polc-pieccs st its end, of e solenoid errengod to magnetize seid pole.piccos, e tcwhcerrying armature .arranged within the magnetic field of sind 'pole-pieces .find adapted lto he rccipiwicnted within said shell rind pnst'snid polo-pioli'cs, seid coro lining provided with rings ol' higher electrical coinlnctivity than the hotly' nl' sind 23. The combination with an electro-magnee-infie; i'eciprocating the 1 .e intuye iogfether, the arma# nvided with si p'iumiity of short- 65 ninctois of greaterY conductivity j ei' ei f nii/nre,whereby the ,en magnet and mmathe enfrente, in

3y einivc niove- 70 einnue. ,l un 'with en @inname-ning nf tool carried by one of 'niendien;j nenns im Teeiprocnbing said I# nieinee.' through the npplica- 75 of me :hanicei force, and short at :i point ma ment means foi' rneipfoee A' device 0i? EL@ e 5 pising plurality Si' .pieces ei aieinaigii'ig thereiietwecm ed com L i aimed within the mei pieces, Said cere bei; v i0 miiay 01"' mie-News) Age of nia-simi of nw. f eis than Said gioie-ninos, he pcie core being of d ii'ezeni ssnpeiic i we the pole-pieces betweei core, which ingi sind miie/nui( soienoids.

2Q. .un einetznicimnicsd dci-'ice prising die combina-tien of an coniposwl'ni' a {dumm/v nf seien 20 ed *no ein-.ii other :nid snru'fed te v alternating pole-piece@ ni ai. cwvindiiud f nif adnpted to eeiplm'zito within. said niei'in magnet, said core being ni groen-z" imigi i )en die einer.

The afindiiinitien with a l'ccipiocnting e? n driving device bxei'eoi', and an nngnoiie device in opposition to the nF which the reciprocating driven, nnen' y the resultant4 n? ei tin: iecipi'n ating device is 85 than sind eieetlnennignet, is, inni unified bj: in, 25 sind cove, and means 'im' 'rempiumiiqmg said 'ine wenn; niimnwvnii :i tool, ein tooielectroqniignet, di su arranged ihm iif- ,mi ef muni' ing; Mm members connected 1 iii in? iecign'n :in -L L. une n 'ainniain ni' movement of' recip- .Hnngr i nim i n avin respou, tn die other, :L driving d winni-rd in diive said Qn'riiir buck 21nd ini'tii.y nininn decirn-nnignetif; device, the fn ni nn?y ni which :1re connected i the 'mvo members of the @by :in elastic. connection is *die inni und the drivingr deand the toni carried thereby (ffl-ted by the pull n!" ihn elec said core, iviil- Sfiid win nidi ne 30 nioven'ien'. ieizitivc to said insigne-t quired menmnunn diie le iin? iwign'mntien.3 nnninm and o? said rnngne.. i

30. An eieetrodnzilnvtin' snrii ofxnn eleclricniiy eneijgir/.ed 50h` llo core, mechanical driving man1' f sand com is sensed in iexeinnwne against iin attractive m'ee nl iin: snifinnid nn xviiih the iniiuence ilffieni", so :is idw: l turned L0 mi initizii pos-itl nl by The mniniinninn of n driving part, n

dyivfen mit :nid n. vnsiiinning inagnntic. con-- nwiinn iigiwnn tin sinne. 100 13?. The mznbinzitinn ai n driving part, n.

irq nnxgnviv vniin-vctinn het-Ween said part ini unl* in miniemen in i e mi i i UL i. Summen, 

